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Grid Layout

 

CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system that allows you to create complex and responsive web designs with rows and columns. Unlike Flexbox, which is mainly for one-dimensional layouts (either row or column), Grid gives you full control over both dimensions, making it ideal for building entire page layouts or complex components.

Why Use CSS Grid?

·         Create grid-based layouts easily without relying on floats or positioning hacks.

·         Control rows and columns simultaneously.

·         Align and space content precisely.

·         Build responsive designs that adapt to different screen sizes.

·         Define explicit grid areas for easier management.

How CSS Grid Works

To start using Grid, you set the container’s display property to grid or inline-grid:

.container {
  display: grid;
}

This turns the container into a grid container, and its children become grid items.

Main Concepts and Properties

·         grid-template-columns / grid-template-rows
Define the number and size of columns and rows. Example:

grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 2fr;
grid-template-rows: 100px auto;

This creates three columns (fixed 200px, flexible 1 fraction unit, and double flexible 2 fraction units) and two rows (fixed 100px and auto height).

·         grid-gap (or gap)
Adds spacing between rows and columns.

·         grid-column-start / grid-column-end & grid-row-start / grid-row-end
Control where an item starts and ends within the grid.

·         grid-area
A shorthand to specify the grid item's position in rows and columns.

·         justify-items / align-items
Control the alignment of items inside their grid cells horizontally and vertically.

·         justify-content / align-content
Align the entire grid within the container.

Example

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}
 
.item1 {
  grid-column: 1 / 3; /* spans two columns */
  grid-row: 1;
}

This creates a three-column grid with equal widths and a 10px gap between grid items. The first item spans the first two columns.

 

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