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CSS Colors and Units

✅ CSS Colors and Units

🎨 CSS Colors

CSS allows you to define colors in several formats. Colors are used for text, backgrounds, borders, etc.

🔹 1. Color Names

These are predefined color names like:

color: red;
background-color: navy;

🔹 2. Hexadecimal Values

Hex codes represent RGB values in hex format:

color: #ff0000;     /* red */
background-color: #000080; /* navy */

🔹 3. RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

Define the intensity of red, green, and blue (0–255):

color: rgb(255, 0, 0);   /* red */

🔹 4. RGBA (with Alpha Transparency)

The a stands for alpha (transparency):

color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);  /* semi-transparent red */

🔹 5. HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)

Newer way to define colors:

color: hsl(0, 100%, 50%); /* red */

🔹 6. HSLA (with Alpha)

color: hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.5);

📏 CSS Units

Units are used to measure lengths like width, height, padding, margin, font-size, etc.

🔸 Absolute Units (Fixed size)

·         px – Pixels

·         cm – Centimeters

·         mm – Millimeters

·         in – Inches

·         pt – Points

·         pc – Picas

font-size: 16px;
margin: 2cm;

🔸 Relative Units (Responsive/Scalable)

·         % – Relative to the parent element

·         em – Relative to the font-size of the element

·         rem – Relative to the root element (usually <html>)

·         vw – Relative to 1% of the viewport's width

·         vh – Relative to 1% of the viewport's height

·         vmin / vmax – Relative to the smaller/larger of viewport’s width/height

width: 80%;         /* 80% of parent */
font-size: 1.2em;   /* 1.2x of parent font size */
margin: 5vw;        /* 5% of the viewport width */

  

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